 que regulamenta a Reforma Tributária, alegando prejuízos à Zona Franca de Manaus. Descubra os detalhes dessa decisão e suas implicações.){kind=link}
A bancada do Amazonas votou contra o texto do Projeto de Lei Complementar (PLP 68/24), que regulamenta a Reforma Tributária, aprovada nesta quarta-feira (10/07/2024) na Câmara dos Deputados. Isso porque o texto final acabou prejudicando a Zona Franca de Manaus. A única exceção foi o deputado Silas Câmara (Republicanos), que mesmo assim votou a favor do projeto.
Segundo o deputado Saullo Vianna (União Brasil), os membros da bancada vinham negociando junto ao Grupo de Trabalho que analisa a regulamentação da reforma três solicitações de mudanças no texto, mas apenas duas foram contempladas, sendo uma apenas parcialmente.
“No que refere ao crédito presumido nas operações internas do comércio, nossa demanda foi recusada o que impactará fortemente este setor em nosso estado. Já quanto ao crédito presumido das indústrias da Zona Franca de Manaus nossa demanda foi acatada parcialmente e as contrapartidas para os fundos de incentivo, como os que mantém a UEA e o Fundo de Fomento ao Turismo foram atendidas”, informou.
Promessa de Aziz e Arthur Lira
Vianna revelou, ainda, que o compromisso do presidente da Câmara, Artur Lira (PP-AL) com os parlamentares amazonenses é que se caso for comprovado que o texto que vier do Senado traz perda de competitividade à ZFM, no retorno do PLP à Câmara, Lira ajudará a aprovar um texto final que contemple o estado do Amazonas. Em entrevista a outros veículos de comunicação do Amazonas, o senador Omar Aziz afirmou que as sugestões não acatadas pela Câmara serão inseridas quando o PLP tramitar no Senado.
Pontos chaves da aprovação
Por 336 votos a favor, 142 contra e duas abstenções, o Plenário da Câmara dos Deputados aprovou o texto-base do primeiro projeto de lei complementar que regulamenta a reforma tributária sobre o consumo. A versão do texto inseriu uma trava para a alíquota do futuro Imposto sobre Valor Adicionado (IVA), inclui remédios na lista de produtos com imposto reduzido e amplia a cesta básica nacional com imposto zero. No entanto, deixa as carnes fora da lista de alimentos com isenção.
A possível inclusão das carnes na lista será votada por meio de destaque do PL, principal partido de oposição. A ampliação da cesta básica nacional está sendo articulada pela bancada ruralista e pela indústria de alimentos. Pelo texto enviado pelo governo, as carnes estão na lista de produtos com alíquota reduzida para 40% da alíquota original, pagando 10,6% em vez de 26,5%.
O relator do projeto de lei, deputado Reginaldo Lopes (PT-MG) incluiu, de última hora, óleo de milho, aveia e farinhas na cesta básica nacional, que não pagará IVA. Ele também incluiu salmão, atum, pão de forma e extrato de tomate nos produtos com imposto reduzido. Bacalhau e caviar continuarão a pagar a alíquota total do IVA.
Lopes também aumentou a lista de medicamentos com alíquota reduzida para 40% da alíquota cheia. O texto original do governo previa uma lista de 343 princípios ativos com isenção de imposto e 850 com alíquota reduzida. O texto aprovado ampliou a lista de alíquotas reduzidas para todos os medicamentos com registro na Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (Anvisa) e os medicamentos produzidos em farmácia de manipulação.
Atendendo à bancada feminina, o relator incluiu o Dispositivo Intrauterino (DIU), tipo de método anticoncepcional, na lista de dispositivos médicos com IVA reduzido. Anteriormente, Lopes tinha inserido itens de higiene menstrual, como absorventes, tampões higiênicos, coletores menstruais e calcinhas absorventes, na lista de produtos com de impostos, em vez de alíquota reduzida, como no projeto original.
Cashback e imposto seletivo
O cashback, mecanismo de devolução de imposto à população mais pobre, também foi ampliado. O projeto original previa a devolução de 100% da Contribuição sobre Bens e Serviços (CBS, tributo federal) e 20% do Imposto sobre Bens e Serviços (IBS, imposto estadual e municipal) na compra de gás; 50% da CBS e 20% do IBS no pagamento das contas de luz, de água e esgoto; e 20% da CBS e do IBS sobre os demais produtos. A versão aprovada eleva de 50% para 100% a devolução da CBS sobre as contas de energia elétrica, água, esgoto e gás natural.
Na última hora, o relator incluiu o carvão mineral na lista de produtos que pagarão o Imposto Seletivo, que incidirá sobre produtos que fazem mal à saúde e ao meio-ambiente. Lopes, no entanto, estendeu a alíquota máxima de 0,25% para todos os minerais extraídos, não apenas ao minério de ferro, como constava no parecer anterior. A emenda constitucional fixa em 1% o limite para o Imposto Seletivo.
No relatório anterior, divulgado na semana passada, carros elétricos e apostas (físicas e on-line) tinham sido incluídas na lista de produtos com Imposto Seletivo. As armas e munições, no entanto, ficaram de fora, apesar de pressões de entidades da sociedade civil. Embora sejam movidos a diesel e tenham alto nível de poluição, os caminhões também não pagarão o tributo.
Alíquota travada
Na terça-feira (9), o ministro da Fazenda, Fernando Haddad, disse que a inclusão das carnes na lista de produtos isentos aumentaria o IVA em 0,53 ponto porcentual, o que faria a alíquota média passar de 26,5% para 27,03%, a maior do mundo parta esse tipo de imposto, superando a da Hungria, que cobra 27%. O Banco Mundial calcula um impacto de 0,57 ponto percentual.
Os deputados decidiram travar a alíquota em 26,5% a partir de 2033, quando acabar a transição dos tributos atuais para o IVA. Com a limitação do futuro imposto, o governo, perderá receitas no longo prazo. Segundo o texto aprovado, se a alíquota ultrapasse o teto, o governo seria obrigado a elaborar, em conjunto com o Comitê Gestor do IBS, um projeto de lei complementar com medidas para diminuir a carga tributária.
A trava é mais profunda que a instituída na emenda constitucional da reforma tributária, aprovada em dezembro do ano passado. A emenda à Constituição tem um teto para evitar o aumento da carga tributária do país (medida pela relação entre a arrecadação de impostos e o Produto Interno Bruto) na comparação com a carga atual, o que permitia ao Congresso criar exceções e regimes especiais, em troca do aumento da alíquota cheia, de 26,5%. A nova trava inserida na regulamentação limita a alíquota média do IVA, obrigando o governo a reduzir a carga tributária no futuro.
Planos de saúde e turismo
O texto aprovado também permite que as empresas recebam créditos tributários de planos de saúde coletivos previstos em convenção, prática vedada no projeto original. Outra inclusão foi a de planos de saúde de animais domésticos, com alíquota reduzida em 30%.
Os deputados também incluíram um mecanismo de devolução de tributos a turistas estrangeiros que comprarem produtos no Brasil e os embarcarem na bagagem. Esse sistema existe em diversos países, quando o valor total das mercadorias ultrapassa determinado valor.
A proposta aprovada passa a considerar improbidade administrativa a não devolução de créditos tributários (ressarcimento parcial de tributos que impede a cobrança em cascata) às empresas nos prazos estabelecidos. Nesses casos, o secretário da Receita Federal e o presidente do Comitê Gestor do IBS serão responsabilizados.
O projeto estabelece até 30 dias para o pagamento de créditos os contribuintes inscritos em programas de conformidade, até 60 dias para valores dentro da média mensal do contribuinte e até 180 dias para os demais casos (créditos acima ou abaixo da média mensal da empresa).
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