Um estudo da ONG WWF-Brasil indica que quatro bacias da Amazônia, onde estão territórios indígenas sob ameaça do garimpo ilegal, apresentam grande risco de contaminação por mercúrio, acima de níveis considerados seguros.
Os resultados indicam um “risco extremamente alto” de contaminação em mais da metade das sub-bacias analisadas. A projeção foi feita a partir de um modelo de probabilidade, desenvolvido pela Agência de Proteção Ambiental dos Estados Unidos.
Esse modelo usou dados do “Observatório do Mercúrio” sobre a distribuição e acúmulo do metal nas quatro bacias dos rios Tapajós (Pará, Mato Grosso e Amazonas); rio Xingu (Pará e Mato Grosso); e os rios Mucajaí e Uraricoera, esses dois últimos, norte de Roraima, área onde vive o povo yanomami.
As concentrações de mercúrio seriam mais baixas nas cabeceiras dos rios e aumentariam ao longo do curso. O mercúrio se acumula na cadeia alimentar, especialmente em peixes consumidos pela população local.
Para Vitor Domingues, analista ambiental e um dos responsáveis pelo estudo da WWF, um dos grandes desafios é a escassez de dados amostrais, por isso a necessidade dos dados serem projetados. O resultado é que a maioria dessas sub-bacias não atenderia aos padrões estabelecidos na legislação ambiental brasileira.
O estudo também traz várias recomendações, como a implementação de um monitoramento mais adaptado às condições das diferentes sub-regiões; e a criação de um sistema de informações para apoiar ações governamentais.
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